Выращивание марихуаны на открытом воздухе может значительно снизить воздействие на окружающую среду

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Недавние исследования показывают, что выращивание марихуаны на открытом воздухе значительно снижает воздействие на окружающую среду по сравнению с производством в закрытых помещениях, уменьшая выбросы парниковых газов, закисление почвы и загрязнение местных водоемов.

«Выращивание каннабиса на открытом воздухе может выделять в 50 раз меньше углекислого газа, чем производство в закрытых помещениях», — говорится в исследовании, опубликованном в журнале Agricultural Science and Technology. «Распространение этой информации крайне важно для производителей, потребителей и государственных чиновников в странах, которые либо легализовали, либо собираются легализовать производство каннабиса».

Цели и методология исследования

Исследователи из Университета Макгилла в Канаде и Университета Мичигана в Энн-Арборе ставили перед собой две цели: во-первых, определить, какие удобрения максимально увеличивают урожайность цветов марихуаны и производство ТГК при минимальных затратах; во-вторых, «количественно оценить, как это влияет на выбросы парниковых газов, истощение ресурсов (ископаемых и металлических), закисление почвы и эвтрофикационный потенциал производства каннабиса на открытом воздухе».

Хотя несколько исследований изучали производство марихуаны в закрытых помещениях, «очень мало известно о воздействии сельского хозяйства каннабиса на открытом воздухе», отмечается в исследовании.

Оценка воздействия на окружающую среду

Исследование, проведенное в течение трех сезонов выращивания в Квебеке, использовало анализ жизненного цикла (LCA) для оценки экологического воздействия растений. «На ферме отслеживались затраты на оборудование и материалы», — объясняется в исследовании. «Затем LCA был использован для количественной оценки экологических воздействий по пяти индикаторам: потенциал глобального потепления (GWP), потенциал эвтрофикации морской и пресной воды (MFEP), закисление почвы (TA), истощение ископаемого топлива (FD) и истощение металлических ресурсов (MD)».

Исследователи выращивали сорт Candy Cane*, отметив, что из-за ранних заморозков существует риск неурожая, и этот сорт «выделялся как самый быстро созревающий генотип».

Исследование также изучало влияние различных удобрений на урожайность и воздействие марихуаны.

«Помимо предоставления первого полного LCA выращивания каннабиса на открытом воздухе, наше исследование также является новаторским, поскольку оценивает воздействие как на основе урожайности, так и на основе содержания ТГК. Предыдущие исследования сосредоточивались только на воздействии на килограмм (кг) сухого цветка. Это игнорирует потенциальное воздействие производственных практик на концентрацию каннабиноидов в сухом цветке, тем самым подрывая функциональную эквивалентность сравниваемых систем, поскольку в конечном итоге ценность для медицинских и рекреационных производителей имеют именно эти химические вещества, а не сухой цветок».

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Хотя исследование изучало выращивание на открытом воздухе, растения тем не менее выращивались в субстратах, в основном торфяном мхе. Это решение было принято «для контроля содержания питательных веществ на протяжении многих лет» и для более точного изучения воздействия различных удобрений. Тем не менее, исследователи отметили, что субстраты «составляли от 65 до 75 % воздействия GWP в обоих вариантах обработки».

«Это исследование согласуется с другими, которые показывают, что экологическая нагрузка при производстве на открытом воздухе в горшках или грядках определяется субстратами», — написали они. «Использование субстратов на месте вместо приобретения новых субстратов для каждого цикла роста может снизить эти воздействия».

Основные экологические затраты при использовании новых субстратов были связаны с транспортировкой, а также с производством перлита. Наибольший выброс парниковых газов при повторном использовании субстратов был связан с «стерилизацией паром с использованием дизельного топлива в сельскохозяйственной технике».

Выводы

Это исследование подчеркивает значительные экологические преимущества выращивания каннабиса на открытом воздухе и предоставляет важные сведения для улучшения устойчивости сельского хозяйства каннабиса. По мере расширения легальной индустрии каннабиса, внедрение практик выращивания на открытом воздухе может сыграть важную роль в уменьшении его экологического следа.

*Candy Cane - сорт, содержащий генетику АК-47 (Tutankhamon) и White Widow.

Подпишитесь на наш Интсаграм, там ещё больше интересного.

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